Drizzle a little olive oil over casserole dish and brush evenly over bottom and sides. Alternatively you could use cooking spray, set aside. Preheat your oven to 375°f.
Prep all of your ingredients, including putting your salt and pepper in a little bowl (it makes seasoning much easier when you're assembling the layers!)
Place sweet potatoes and sliced fennel in a large bowl and pour 1/4 cup of the cream over them. Sprinkle with a little kosher salt and cracked pepper and work the vegetables and cream together with your hands until the cream is thinly coating all of the vegetables.
Combine minced garlic with remaining cup of cream.
Set 1/4 cup of the parmesan aside and combine the remaining parmesan and gruyere in a bowl.
Arrange 1/2 of your vegetables with edges overlapping to cover the bottom of your casserole. Sprinkle with half of the thyme and chopped fennel fronds, 1/2 of the salt and pepper, 1/2 of the softened butter separated into little dabs with your fingers, 1/2 of the remaining cream and 1/2 of the combined cheeses. Repeat layers.
If you have extra slices of vegetables try to find places to tuck them into your layers doing your best to keep everything level so it cooks evenly. Use a rubber spatula to scrape any remaining cream from the bowl onto the top of your gratin. Garnish with some of the fronds from the fennel. I also really like to grate some nutmeg over top at this point, but that's optional.
Cover tightly with foil and bake 45 minutes. Test the center of the casserole with the tip of a sharp knife- the vegetables should be almost cooked through (tender with just a little resistance).If they seem at all hard, cover and cook another 10 minutes before proceeding.
Once vegetables are tender, uncover, sprinkle with remaining 1/4 cup parmesan and continue cooking another 15-20 minutes until top is golden and vegetables are meltingly tender.
If your top hasn't browned as much as you'd like place it under the broiler for a minute but watch very carefully and remove before it burns!
Let it rest 10 minutes before serving and enjoy!